Colon pouch as neorectum. Technique, indications and results
Summary
The possibilities to preserve the intestinal continuity after surgery for rectal cancer
have remarkably improved. After straight coloanal anastomosis the problem of a high
stool frequency together with urgency was frequently to observe. The introduction
of the colonic J-Pouch improved the functional outcome of rectal cancer-surgery very
much. In a review of the literature the stool-frequency after one year was 0.5-4 bowel
movements per day compared to 0.5-10 per day after straight coloanal anastomosis.
Urgency was as well reduced. The parameter of urgency can be best expressed by measuring
the urgency volume in balloon-volumetry. Here the volume for J-Pouch was 75 ml compared
to 50 ml in straight coloanal anastomosis. At the beginning of colonic J-pouch-surgery
evacuation disorders were more frequent observable. Clinical and experimental studies
could demonstrate that a big pouch-size caused this problem. Since a pouch-length
of 6 cm is used evacuation disorders are very rare. The improved perfusion of the
side-to-end anastomosis in pouch-anastomosis reduces the rate of anastomotic leakage's
(pouch 1.9 % vs. coloanal anastomosis 15.2 %). In published retrospective studies
the oncological outcome is completely comparable to straight coloanal anastomosis.
In the case of technical impossibility of J-pouch formation the ileocecal interponant
is a possible alternative. This procedure has the same functional outcome.
Zusammenfassung
Die Möglichkeiten des Erhalts der Darmkontinuität nach tiefer anteriorer Rektumresektion
wegen Rektumkarzinom haben sich deutlich erweitert. Dennoch bestand nach der direkten
koloanalen Anastomose häufig die Problematik, daß eine hohe Stuhlfrequenz und ein
starker imperativer Stuhldrang das funktionelle Ergebnis stark beeinträchtigt haben.
Der Kolon-J-Pouch hat hier im Vergleich zur direkten koloanalen Anastomose erhebliche
Vorteile erbracht. Bereits nach einem Jahr geht hier die Stuhlfrequenz im Literaturvergleich
auf 0,5 bis 4 Stuhlgänge pro Tag zurück (koloanale Anastomose: 0,5 bis 10 Stuhlgänge
pro Tag). Der imperative Stuhldrang ist ebenfalls deutlich vermindert, was sich experimentell
in dem deutlich höherem Ballonvolumen der ersten Wahrnehmung messen läßt (Pouch: 75
ml vs. Koloanale Anastomose: 50 ml). Die zu Beginn Kolon-Pouch-Ära zu beobachtenden
Evakuationsstörungen waren auf zu große Kolonpouchs zurückzuführen. Experimentelle
und klinische Studien haben gezeigt, daß ein J-Pouch mit einer Schenkellänge von 6
cm hier ein optimales funktionelles Ergebnis bringt. Die besseren Durchblutungsverhältnisse
der beim Pouch vorliegenden Seit-zu-End Anastomose bewirken zusätzlich eine geringe
Rate von Anastomoseninsuffizienzen (Pouch 1,9 % vs. koloanale Anastomose 15,2 %).
Das onkologische Outcome ist zumindest in bisher vorliegenden retrospektiven Studien
vergleichbar zur koloanalen Anastomose. Bei technischen Schwierigkeiten bzw. Unmöglichkeit
der J-Pouch-Anlage steht als Reserveverfahren das ileokökale Interponat zur Verfügung,
welches ähnliche funktionelle Daten wie der J-Pouch aufweist, jedoch technisch aufwendiger
ist.
Key words
Rectal cancer - colonpouch - review - anastomostic leakage - stool frequency
Schlüsselwörter
Kolonpouch - Rektumkarzinom - Review - Stuhlfrequenz - Anastomoseninsuffizienz
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Prof. Dr. H. J. Buhr
Chirurgische Klinik I
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